Evidence for ligand-independent homo-oligomerization of leptin receptor (OB-R) isoforms: A proposed mechanism permitting productive long-form signaling in the presence of excess short-form expression

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. White ◽  
Louis A. Tartaglia
Keyword(s):  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Form Expression ◽  
Long Form

Hyperleptinemia and reduced TNF-α secretion cause resistance of db/db mice to endotoxin

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. R763-R770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abram M. Madiehe ◽  
Tiffany D. Mitchell ◽  
Ruth B. S. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Endotoxic Shock ◽  
Cytokine Receptors ◽  
Leptin Receptors ◽  
Leptin Deficiency ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Long Form

Leptin deficiency in ob/ob mice increases susceptibility to endotoxic shock, whereas leptin pretreatment protects them against LPS-induced lethality. Lack of the long-form leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) in db/db mice causes resistance. We tested the effects of LPS in C57BL/6J db3J/db3J (BL/3J) mice, which express only the circulating leptin receptors, compared with C57BL/6J db/db (BL/6J) mice, which express all short-form and circulating isoforms of the leptin receptor. Intraperitoneal injections of LPS significantly decreased rectal temperature and increased leptin, corticosterone, and free TNF-α in fed and fasted BL/3J and BL/6J mice. TNF-α was increased three- and fourfold in BL/3J and BL/6J, respectively. LPS (100 μg) caused 50% mortality of fasted BL/6J mice but caused no mortality in fasted BL/3J mice. Pretreatment of fasted BL/3J mice with 30 μg leptin prevented the drop in rectal temperature, blunted the increase in corticosterone, but had no effect on TNF-α induced by 100 μg LPS. Taken together, these data provide evidence that fasted BL/3J mice are more resistant than BL/6J mice to LPS toxicity, presumably due to the absence of leptin receptors in BL/3J mice. This resistance may be due to high levels of free leptin cross-reacting with other cytokine receptors.

Cloning and characterization of a human leptin receptor using a biologically active leptin immunoadhesin

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-M Luoh ◽  
F Di Marco ◽  
N Levin ◽  
M Armanini ◽  
M-H Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Expression Cloning ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Long Form

ABSTRACT Leptin, the product of the ob gene, is a hormone secreted by fat cells which is primarily involved in the regulation of body weight. We have generated a leptin immunoadhesin (leptin-IgG) which was more potent than leptin alone at reducing body weight and food intake when injected into ob/ob mice. This molecule was used to identify high affinity binding sites on human embryonic 293 kidney cells and subsequently to isolate a cDNA encoding the leptin receptor from this cell line by expression cloning. This receptor corresponds to the short form of the recently isolated leptin receptor. Analysis of the expression pattern of the two forms of receptor by Northern blot, in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR showed that the receptor is expressed in most tissues but that the long form is prevalent in the hypothalamus.

Preliminary Validation of a Short-Form Version of the Attachment Style Questionnaire for Use in Clinical Rehabilitation Counseling Research and Practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Iwanaga ◽  
John Blake ◽  
Rana Yaghmaian ◽  
Emre Umucu ◽  
Fong Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Rehabilitation Counseling ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Attachment Style Questionnaire

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a short-form version of the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) in people with disabilities. The construction sample consisted of 108 participants recruited from spinal cord injury (SCI) advocacy organizations. The cross-validation sample comprised 140 individuals with traumatic injuries recruited from a rehabilitation hospital. Measures administered were the ASQ, Trait Hope Scale, Sense of Coherence Scale, and Satisfaction With Life Scale. Results showed that the three subscales of secure, anxious, and avoidant attachment from the short-form ASQ had high correlations with the three subscales from the long-form ASQ. The reliability of the subscales for the short-form ASQ was adequate and similar to the long-form ASQ. Both the short- and long-form ASQ subscales were found to correlate with hope, sense of coherence, and subjective well-being in the expected theoretical directions. Confirmatory factor analysis also supported the three-factor measurement structure of the short-form ASQ. This study provides evidence to support the psychometric properties of the abbreviated ASQ in people with disabilities. The short-form version of the ASQ is a brief, reliable, and psychometrically sound measure of attachment that can be used in clinical rehabilitation counseling research and practice.

Glycogenic induction of thyroid hormone conversion and leptin system activation in the liver of postpartum dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Andrea Győrffy ◽  
Mónika Keresztes ◽  
Vera Faigl ◽  
Vilmos Frenyó ◽  
Margit Kulcsár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Leptin System

In the regulation of energy metabolism, the liver plays an important role in the reinforcement of energy production. In periparturient cows the energy homeostasis turns into a negative energy balance that may shift the physiological regulation of energy balance towards pathological processes. Propylene glycol (PG), as a complementary source of energy used in the nutrition of dairy cows, alters systemic thyroid hormone economy; however, the exact mechanism through which highly glycogenic feed supplements impact liver metabolism is little known. Previous studies showed that only leptin receptors are expressed in the liver of cows, and now we report that leptin mRNA is expressed in the liver of cows as well. The present results show that the mRNA of leptin and its receptors are differentially modulated by the increased energy content of the feed consumed. Simultaneous changes in hepatic type I deiodinase activity suggest that hepatic modulation of the leptin system by PG supplementation may be mediated by an increased local thyroxine-triiodothyronine conversion. Since PG supplementation with simultaneous T4–T3 turnover and increased hepatic leptin- and short-form leptin receptor mRNA were not associated with a significant change in hepatic total lipid levels, it is suggested that the leptin system, directly or indirectly modulated by thyroid hormones, may represent a local defence mechanism to prevent fatty liver formation.

scholarly journals Multidimensional measure of immigrant integration

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (45) ◽  
pp. 11483-11488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Harder ◽  
Lucila Figueroa ◽  
Rachel M. Gillum ◽  
Dominik Hangartner ◽  
David D. Laitin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Multidimensional Measure ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Empirical Performance ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Levels Of Integration

The successful integration of immigrants into a host country’s society, economy, and polity has become a major issue for policymakers in recent decades. Scientific progress in the study of immigrant integration has been hampered by the lack of a common measure of integration, which would allow for the accumulation of knowledge through comparison across studies, countries, and time. To address this fundamental problem, we propose the Immigration Policy Lab (IPL) Integration Index as a pragmatic and multidimensional measure of immigrant integration. The measure, both in the 12-item short form (IPL-12) and the 24-item long form (IPL-24), captures six dimensions of integration: psychological, economic, political, social, linguistic, and navigational. The measure can be used across countries, over time, and across different immigrant groups and can be administered through short questionnaires available in different modes. We report on four surveys we conducted to evaluate the empirical performance of our measure. The tests reveal that the measure distinguishes among immigrant groups with different expected levels of integration and also correlates with well-established predictors of integration.

Immunohistochemical characterization of localization of long-form leptin receptor (OB-Rb) in neurochemically defined cells in the ovine hypothalamus

2001 ◽  
Vol 920 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
Sueli Pompolo ◽  
Takashi Murakami ◽  
Eric Grouzmann ◽  
Takeshi Sakurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Long Form

Expression of leptin receptor mRNA (long form splice variant) in the human cerebellum

Neuroreport ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (14) ◽  
pp. 3123-3126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand Savioz ◽  
Yves Charnay ◽  
Claude Huguenin ◽  
Christelle Graviou ◽  
Brigitte Greggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Splice Variant ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Human Cerebellum

Identification of a novel C-terminal variant of beta II spectrin: two isoforms of beta II spectrin have distinct intracellular locations and activities

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 2023-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Hayes ◽  
C. Scott ◽  
E. Heerkens ◽  
V. Ohanian ◽  
A.M. Maggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Pleckstrin Homology Domain ◽  
Intracellular Targeting ◽  
Terminal Form ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Novel Variant

It is established that variations in the structure and activities of betaI spectrin are mediated by differential mRNA splicing. The two betaI spectrin splice forms so far identified have either long or short C-terminal regions. Are analogous mechanisms likely to mediate regulation of betaII spectrins? Thus far, only a long form of betaII spectrin is reported in the literature. Five human expressed sequence tags indicated the existence of a short splice variant of betaII spectrin. The occurrence and DNA sequence of the short C-terminal variant was confirmed by analysis of human and rat cDNA. The novel variant lacks a pleckstrin homology domain, and has 28 C-terminal residues not present in the previously recognized longer form. Transcripts of the short C-terminal variant (7.5 and 7. 0 kb) were most abundant in tissues originating from muscle and nervous system. Antibodies raised to a unique sequence of short C-terminal variant recognized 240 kDa polypeptides in cardiac and skeletal muscle and in nervous tissue; in cerebellum and forebrain, additional 270 kDa polypeptides were detected. In rat heart and skeletal muscle, both long and short C-terminal forms of betaII spectrin localized in the region of the Z line. The central region of the sarcomere, coincident with the M line, was selectively labeled with antibodies to the short C-terminal form. In cerebellum, the short form was not detectable in parallel fibers, structures in which the long form was readily detected. In cultured cerebellar granule neurons, the long form was dominant in neurites, with the short form being most abundant in cell bodies. In vitro, the short form was found to lack the binding activity for the axonal protein fodaxin, which characterizes the C-terminal region of the long form. Subcellular fractionation of brain revealed that the short form was scarcely detectable in post-synaptic density preparations, in which the long form was readily detected. We conclude that variation in the structure of the C-terminal regions of betaII spectrin isoforms correlates with their differential intracellular targeting.

Epilogue

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Andrew Hui
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Corporate Communication ◽  
Experimental Poetry ◽  
Long Form

This epilogue explores Twitter, which was founded in 2006, launching the now ubiquitous platform of the 140-character short form (now enlarged to 280). It is not difficult to see Twitter as a digital descendant of the analog aphorism. However, the ecosystem of twitterature embraces more: it is a vehicle also for journalism, advertising, corporate communication, self-promotion, political campaigns, experimental poetry, micro short stories, collaborative works, and rewritings of the classics. In terms of this book's theory of the aphorism, tweets come before, after, and against long-form publications. Sometimes they function as headlines or clickbaits that link to longer forms of continuous writing. And in terms of the book's central conceptual paradigm—fragments and systems—Twitter offers both on an exponentially larger and faster scale.

scholarly journals Reassignment of Rhyncaphytoptus longipalpis Xue et Hong, 2005 (Diptilomiopidae) to Bambusacarus n. gen. (Eriophyidae) and remarks on shape of oral stylet and orientation of pharynx in Eriophyoidea (Acari: Acariformes)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-771
Author(s):  
Philipp E. Chetverikov ◽  
James W. Amrine Jr. ◽  
Enikő Kiss ◽  
Jenő Kontschán ◽  
Géza Ripka
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Family Group ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Long Form

It is widely accepted in literature that members of Diptilomiopidae possess a “long-form” oral stylet which is usually nearly as long as the cheliceral stylets. However, it is not only the length of the oral stylet itself that is the character to discriminate diptilomiopids, but also its shape and the orientation of the pharynx. We reinvestigated the gnathosoma of Rhyncaphytoptus longipalpis Xue et Hong, 2005, a “diptilomiopid” species from China, and demonstrated that this mite has an angled short-form oral stylet and an almost horizontally oriented pharynx, which is not typical for Diptilomiopidae. We reassign “longipalpis” to a new genus Bambusacarus n. gen. in a different family-group (Eriophyidae, Phyllocoptinae, Anthocoptini) and provide a supplementary description of this species based on the material from Hungary where it was found on six introduced bamboo species of the genus Phyllostachys (Poaceae). Similar to members of endoparasitic genus Novophytoptus (Phytoptidae), B. longipalpis n. comb. has elongate, forceps-shaped gnathosomal structures and it lacks setae d and v on palps. We conclude that in some “non-diptlilomiopid” lineages of Eriophyoidea (1) the elongation of palps and changing of the length and curvature of the gnathosomal stylets may not be correlated with transformation of the shape of the oral stylet and reorientation of pharynx, and (2) when this happens, the mite homoplastically acquires the well-recognized “diptilomiopid-like” phenotype as seen in B. longipalpis n. comb. In future, careful reinvestigation of the shape of the oral stylet in Diptilomiopidae may reveal new examples of similar phenotypic convergency in Eriophyoidea.

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